What is an Axon?

An axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma. It is often referred to as the "output" part of the neuron, as it transmits signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Structure of an Axon

The axon is covered by a fatty insulating substance called myelin, which helps to speed up the transmission of electrical impulses. Myelinated axons have segments of myelin sheath interrupted by nodes of Ranvier, while unmyelinated axons lack this insulating layer.

Function of an Axon

The primary function of an axon is to transmit electrical and chemical signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. When a neuron receives a signal, it generates an electrical impulse that travels down the axon to the axon terminals, where it triggers the release of neurotransmitters that carry the signal to the next neuron or target cell.

Study Guide for Axon

1. What is the primary function of an axon?
2. Describe the structure of a myelinated axon and an unmyelinated axon.
3. How does the axon transmit signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands?
4. Explain the role of myelin in the function of an axon.
5. Draw and label the parts of a neuron, including the axon.