Diamonds
Diamonds are a form of carbon with a crystalline structure, making them the hardest naturally occurring material. They are prized for their clarity, brilliance, and durability, making them a popular choice for jewelry and industrial applications.
Formation
Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's mantle under high pressure and temperature. They are brought to the surface through volcanic eruptions in a type of rock called Kimberlite.
Physical Properties
- Hardness: Diamonds are the hardest known natural material, scoring 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
- Clarity: Diamonds are valued for their clarity, with fewer inclusions and blemishes increasing their rarity and value.
- Color: Diamonds come in a variety of colors, with the most valuable being colorless or exhibiting a vibrant, intense color.
- Luster: Diamonds exhibit a high refractive index, giving them a brilliant luster.
- Density: Diamonds have a high density, with a specific gravity of 3.5.
Uses
Aside from being a popular choice for jewelry, diamonds also have industrial applications due to their hardness. They are used in cutting, grinding, and drilling tools, as well as in scientific instruments.
Study Guide
- What is the chemical composition of diamonds?
- How are diamonds formed?
- What is the hardness of diamonds on the Mohs scale?
- What factors contribute to the value of a diamond?
- What are some industrial applications of diamonds?
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