The Neogene is a geologic period that spans from about 23 million to 2.58 million years ago. It is the second period of the Cenozoic Era and is divided into two epochs: the Miocene and the Pliocene.
The Miocene epoch lasted from about 23 million to 5.3 million years ago. During this time, the Earth's climate was relatively warm and the continents continued to drift towards their current positions. The Miocene is known for the diversification of mammals, including the appearance of apes and the evolution of early hominids.
The Pliocene epoch lasted from about 5.3 million to 2.58 million years ago. This epoch is characterized by a cooling climate and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, which connected North and South America. This event had a significant impact on ocean circulation and climate patterns.