Cellular Injury

Cellular injury refers to the damage that occurs to cells due to various stresses and insults. This can result from a wide range of factors including physical trauma, chemical exposure, infections, and genetic mutations.

Causes of Cellular Injury

Cellular injury can be caused by:

1. Physical Agents: such as trauma, radiation, and temperature extremes.
2. Chemical Agents: including drugs, pollutants, and toxins.
3. Infections: caused by bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
4. Immunological Reactions: such as autoimmune responses and allergies.
5. Genetic Factors: including inherited disorders and mutations.

Effects of Cellular Injury

Cellular injury can lead to various effects on the cells, including:

• Cellular Swelling: caused by the influx of water into the cells.
• Loss of Function: as the injured cells may not be able to perform their normal activities.
• Cellular Death: in severe cases, cells may undergo necrosis or apoptosis.
• Inflammation: as the body responds to the injured cells.

Adaptation and Repair

Cells have the ability to adapt to certain stressors and can undergo repair processes to recover from injury. This may involve changes in size, shape, or function to cope with the stress. In cases of severe injury, the cells may be replaced through the process of regeneration or fibrosis.

Study Guide for Cellular Injury

1. Define cellular injury and its causes.
2. Explain the effects of cellular injury on cells.
3. Discuss the body's response to cellular injury.
4. Describe the adaptive and repair mechanisms of cells.

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