DNA: The Molecule of Life
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It is often referred to as the "molecule of life" due to its critical role in heredity and genetic variation.
Structure of DNA
DNA is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix structure. Each strand is made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
Function of DNA
The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information. This information is encoded in the sequence of the four nitrogenous bases along the DNA strands. The specific sequence of bases determines the genetic code that ultimately determines an organism's traits and characteristics.
Replication of DNA
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. This process is essential for cell division and the transmission of genetic information to offspring. During replication, the two strands of the DNA double helix separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
Study Guide
- What does DNA stand for?
- Describe the structure of DNA.
- What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
- What is the primary function of DNA?
- Explain the process of DNA replication.
Understanding DNA is fundamental to comprehending the mechanisms of heredity and genetics. By grasping the structure and function of DNA, one can gain insights into the inheritance of traits and the diversity of living organisms.
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