Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. It plays a vital role in the process of digestion by transporting food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach through a series of coordinated muscle contractions known as peristalsis.

Anatomy of the Esophagus

The esophagus is approximately 25 centimeters long and is located behind the trachea. It extends from the lower part of the throat to the upper part of the stomach. The wall of the esophagus is made up of several layers of tissue, including mucosa, submucosa, muscle, and outer connective tissue.

Functions of the Esophagus

The primary function of the esophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. This process is facilitated by the coordinated muscle contractions of the esophageal muscles, which propel the food bolus downward through peristalsis. The esophagus also prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the throat through the lower esophageal sphincter.

Common Disorders of the Esophagus

Several disorders can affect the esophagus, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophagitis, esophageal strictures, and achalasia. These conditions can cause symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and chest pain, and may require medical intervention.

Study Guide

• What is the function of the esophagus?
• Describe the anatomy of the esophagus.
• How does the esophagus prevent the backflow of stomach contents?
• What are some common disorders that affect the esophagus?
• Explain the process of peristalsis in the esophagus.