Stages of Meiosis

1. Prophase I: This is the longest phase of meiosis and is divided into five sub-stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
2. Metaphase I: Homologous chromosome pairs line up at the cell's equator.
3. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.
4. Telophase I: The separated homologous chromosomes reach the poles, and the cell undergoes cytokinesis, resulting in two haploid cells.
5. Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II: These phases are similar to the corresponding phases in mitosis, but with the end result being the production of four haploid cells.

Significance of Meiosis

Meiosis plays a crucial role in sexual reproduction by ensuring that each offspring receives a unique combination of genetic material from both parents. This genetic diversity is essential for the survival of species and contributes to the adaptation of organisms to changing environments.

Study Guide for Meiosis

1. What is the purpose of meiosis?
2. Describe the differences between meiosis and mitosis.
3. Explain the significance of crossing over during meiosis.
4. Identify and describe the stages of meiosis.
5. How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?