Myelin Sheath

The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers (axons) in the nervous system. It is made up of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. The myelin sheath is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as it acts as an insulator, allowing for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses.

Myelin is composed of lipids and proteins, and its main function is to increase the speed at which electrical impulses travel along the nerve cells. This is crucial for the efficient communication between different parts of the nervous system and the timely execution of bodily functions.

Damage to the myelin sheath, as seen in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, can lead to impaired nerve function and communication, resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the location and extent of the damage.

Study Guide: Myelin Sheath

1. What is the myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers in the nervous system. It is made up of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

2. What is the function of the myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath acts as an insulator, allowing for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. It increases the speed at which electrical impulses travel along the nerve cells, facilitating efficient communication within the nervous system.

3. What is myelin composed of?

Myelin is composed of lipids and proteins.

4. What happens if the myelin sheath is damaged?

Damaged myelin sheath can lead to impaired nerve function and communication, resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the location and extent of the damage. Conditions such as multiple sclerosis involve damage to the myelin sheath.

Understanding the importance of the myelin sheath in the nervous system is crucial for appreciating the role it plays in maintaining proper nerve function and communication.