Cell Structure

Eukaryotic cells are typically larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
They have a defined nucleus enclosed within a nuclear membrane, where the genetic material is housed.
Other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts (in plant cells) are present.

Nucleus

The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the cell's genetic material, organized in the form of chromosomes.
It is enclosed by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope, which contains nuclear pores for communication with the cytoplasm.

Organelles

Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria are responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: This organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids and is divided into rough and smooth ER based on the presence of ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus: It processes and packages proteins and lipids synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum before they are distributed to other parts of the cell.
Lysosomes: These organelles contain digestive enzymes and are involved in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells, chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoskeleton

Eukaryotic cells have a network of protein filaments known as the cytoskeleton, which provides structural support and facilitates cell movement and division.