Penicillins

Penicillins are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. They are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections by inhibiting the growth of the bacteria or killing them.

How do penicillins work?

Penicillins work by interfering with the construction of the bacterial cell wall. They target the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall, weakening the structure and causing the bacteria to burst and die.

Types of penicillins

There are several types of penicillins, including:

• Natural penicillins: These are the original penicillins, such as penicillin G and penicillin V.
• Synthetic penicillins: These are modified forms of penicillin, including amoxicillin and ampicillin.
• Extended-spectrum penicillins: These have a broader spectrum of activity and are effective against a wider range of bacteria, such as piperacillin and ticarcillin.

Uses of penicillins

Penicillins are used to treat various bacterial infections, including:

• Ear infections
• Skin infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Syphilis
• Meningitis

Side effects and precautions

While penicillins are generally safe and effective, some people may experience side effects such as:

• Allergic reactions
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting

It's important to inform your healthcare provider about any allergies or previous reactions to antibiotics before taking penicillins.

Study Guide

1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillins?
2. List three types of penicillins and give an example of each.
3. What are the common uses of penicillins?
4. What are some potential side effects of penicillins?