Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by water. The word "hydrolysis" comes from the Greek words "hydro" (water) and "lysis" (to break). During hydrolysis, a water molecule is used to break a chemical bond within a compound, resulting in the formation of two or more new compounds.

Examples of Hydrolysis

• Hydrolysis of a salt: When a salt is dissolved in water, it may undergo hydrolysis to form an acid and a base.
• Hydrolysis of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen can undergo hydrolysis to form simpler sugars such as glucose.
• Hydrolysis of fats: Fats and oils can undergo hydrolysis to form fatty acids and glycerol.

Importance of Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is an important process in biological systems. It is involved in the digestion of food in the human body, as well as in the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones that can be used by cells for energy and other functions.

Study Guide

1. What is hydrolysis?
2. Give an example of hydrolysis involving a carbohydrate.
3. Explain the importance of hydrolysis in biological systems.
4. What are the products of hydrolysis of fats?
5. How is hydrolysis related to the digestion of food?