Arches

An arch is a curved structure that spans an opening and supports the weight above it. Arches have been used in architecture and construction for thousands of years and are known for their strength and stability.

Types of Arches

Round Arch: This is a semicircular arch, resembling half of a circle.
Pointed Arch: This arch has a pointed or gothic shape, with a narrower profile at the top.
Elliptical Arch: An arch with an elliptical shape, often used in buildings with a more decorative design.
Horseshoe Arch: This arch has a rounded top, with the sides curving inward, resembling the shape of a horseshoe.

How Arches Work

Arches work by distributing the weight of the structure above them outward and downward, exerting horizontal thrust at the base of the arch. This thrust is counteracted by the weight of the supporting material, such as the walls on either side of the arch. The keystone, which is the top center stone in the arch, plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure's integrity by locking the other stones in place.

Applications of Arches

Arches have been used in various architectural structures, including bridges, aqueducts, cathedrals, and even modern buildings. Their strength and ability to span wide openings make them a versatile and enduring architectural feature.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about arches:

Identify and describe the different types of arches, including their shapes and uses.
Explain how arches distribute weight and counteract thrust forces.
Discuss the significance of the keystone in an arch structure.
Explore examples of arches in famous architectural landmarks around the world.

Understanding the principles and applications of arches can provide insights into the fundamental concepts of structural engineering and architectural design.

◂Science Worksheets and Study Guides Second Grade. Magnets

Vocabulary/Answer key

Magnets

The resources above cover the following skills:

Core Ideas for Knowing Science

Physical Science

Objects can affect other objects at a distance.

Second Grade: Focus on Systems and System Models; Energy and Matter

Physical Sciences: Students develop an understanding of observable properties of matter and how changes in energy (heating or cooling) can affect matter or materials.

Physical Science Standards

Plan and carry out an investigation to determine that matter has mass, takes up space, and is recognized by its observable properties; use the collected evidence to develop and support an explanation.

Earth and Space Sciences: Students develop an understanding of the distribution and role of water and wind in weather, shaping the land, and where organisms live. Wind and water can also change environments, and students learn humans and other organisms can change environments too. Students develop an understanding of changing patterns in the sky including the position of Sun, Moon, and stars, and the apparent shape of the Moon.

Earth and Space Standards

Develop and use models to represent that water can exist in different states and is found in oceans, glaciers, lakes, rivers, ponds, and the atmosphere.

Analyze patterns in weather conditions of various regions of the world and design, test, and refine solutions to protect humans from severe weather conditions.