Static Friction

Static friction is a type of friction that prevents an object from moving when a force is applied to it. It is called "static" because it occurs when the object is stationary and not moving. Static friction acts in the opposite direction of the applied force, and it must be overcome in order for the object to start moving.

Causes of Static Friction

Static friction is caused by the microscopic roughness of the surfaces of the object and the surface it is resting on. When an external force is applied to the object, the irregularities in the surfaces interlock, creating resistance to the motion of the object. This resistance is what we feel as static friction.

Factors Affecting Static Friction

The amount of static friction depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact and the force pressing them together. Factors that affect static friction include the roughness of the surfaces, the weight of the object, and any other forces acting on the object.

Formula for Calculating Static Friction

The maximum static friction force (F_{s max}) can be calculated using the formula:

F_{s max} = μ_s * N

Where μ_s is the coefficient of static friction and N is the normal force acting on the object.

Study Guide

What is static friction and when does it occur?
Explain the causes of static friction.
Discuss the factors that affect static friction.
Write the formula for calculating the maximum static friction force and explain each term.
Provide examples of situations where static friction is encountered in everyday life.

◂Science Worksheets and Study Guides Second Grade. Magnets

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Magnets

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Core Ideas for Knowing Science

Physical Science

Objects can affect other objects at a distance.

Second Grade: Focus on Systems and System Models; Energy and Matter

Physical Sciences: Students develop an understanding of observable properties of matter and how changes in energy (heating or cooling) can affect matter or materials.

Physical Science Standards

Plan and carry out an investigation to determine that matter has mass, takes up space, and is recognized by its observable properties; use the collected evidence to develop and support an explanation.

Earth and Space Sciences: Students develop an understanding of the distribution and role of water and wind in weather, shaping the land, and where organisms live. Wind and water can also change environments, and students learn humans and other organisms can change environments too. Students develop an understanding of changing patterns in the sky including the position of Sun, Moon, and stars, and the apparent shape of the Moon.

Earth and Space Standards

Develop and use models to represent that water can exist in different states and is found in oceans, glaciers, lakes, rivers, ponds, and the atmosphere.

Analyze patterns in weather conditions of various regions of the world and design, test, and refine solutions to protect humans from severe weather conditions.