Anatomy of the Pancreas

The pancreas is a long, flat gland that is situated deep within the abdomen. It is divided into three main parts: the head, the body, and the tail. The head of the pancreas is connected to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine), while the tail extends towards the spleen.

Functions of the Pancreas

The pancreas has two main functions: exocrine and endocrine.

Exocrine Function

The exocrine function of the pancreas involves the production of digestive enzymes. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the food we eat, allowing for better absorption of nutrients.

Endocrine Function

The endocrine function of the pancreas involves the regulation of blood sugar levels. Specialized cells within the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans secrete hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells, while glucagon raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose.

Common Pancreatic Disorders

1. Pancreatitis: This is the inflammation of the pancreas and can be caused by gallstones, alcohol abuse, or certain medications. 2. Diabetes: When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body becomes resistant to its effects, it can lead to diabetes, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. 3. Pancreatic Cancer: This is a serious and often fatal condition where cancerous cells form in the tissues of the pancreas.