Parathyroid Gland

The parathyroid gland is a small endocrine gland located in the neck, behind the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's calcium levels.

Function of the Parathyroid Gland

The main function of the parathyroid gland is to produce and release parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from the bones, increasing the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and promoting the production of active vitamin D, which enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestines.

Importance of Calcium Regulation

Calcium is essential for many bodily functions, including bone health, muscle contractions, nerve function, and blood clotting. The parathyroid gland helps ensure that the levels of calcium in the blood remain within a narrow range, as deviations from this range can have serious health consequences.

Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland

Disorders of the parathyroid gland can lead to imbalances in calcium levels. Hyperparathyroidism, characterized by excessive secretion of PTH, can result in elevated levels of calcium in the blood, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and kidney stones. On the other hand, hypoparathyroidism, which involves insufficient PTH production, can cause low levels of calcium in the blood, leading to muscle cramps, spasms, and other neurological symptoms.

Study Guide

1. What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?
2. How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulate calcium levels in the body?
3. Why is it important to maintain balanced levels of calcium in the blood?
4. What are the consequences of hyperparathyroidism?
5. What are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?