Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is often referred to as Earth's sister planet due to their similar size and composition. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty.

Physical Characteristics

• Size: Venus is similar in size to Earth, with a diameter of about 12,104 kilometers.
• Atmosphere: The atmosphere of Venus is primarily composed of carbon dioxide, with clouds of sulfuric acid, causing a strong greenhouse effect that traps heat.
• Surface: Venus has a rocky surface with mountains, volcanoes, and large impact craters. The surface is extremely hot, with temperatures reaching up to 465°C (869°F).

Orbit and Rotation

• Orbit: Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance of about 108 million kilometers.
• Rotation: Venus rotates on its axis very slowly, taking about 243 Earth days to complete one rotation. Interestingly, its rotation is retrograde, meaning it rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets.

Study Guide

1. What is the name of the second planet from the Sun?
   Answer: Venus
2. Why is Venus often referred to as Earth's sister planet?
   Answer: Due to their similar size and composition
3. What is the primary component of Venus' atmosphere?
   Answer: Carbon dioxide
4. What causes the extremely high temperatures on Venus' surface?
   Answer: The greenhouse effect
5. How long does it take Venus to complete one rotation?
   Answer: About 243 Earth days
6. What is unique about Venus' rotation compared to most other planets?
   Answer: It has a retrograde rotation