Kidneys

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, below the ribs. They are a crucial part of the urinary system and play a vital role in maintaining the body's overall health and function.

Functions of the Kidneys:

1. Filtration: The kidneys filter waste and excess substances, such as water, salts, and toxins, from the blood to form urine.
2. Regulation of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: The kidneys help regulate the body's fluid and electrolyte balance by adjusting the amount of water and salts excreted in the urine.
3. Acid-Base Balance: They help maintain the body's acid-base balance by controlling the levels of acids and bases in the blood.
4. Production of Hormones: The kidneys produce hormones that regulate blood pressure, stimulate red blood cell production, and help maintain healthy bones.

Common Kidney Conditions:

• Kidney Stones: Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain when passing through the urinary tract.
• Kidney Infections: Bacterial infections that can cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys if left untreated.
• Chronic Kidney Disease: A long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time, often due to conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.

Study Guide:

1. What are the functions of the kidneys?
2. Where are the kidneys located in the body?
3. Explain the process of urine formation in the kidneys.
4. List and describe two common kidney conditions.
5. Why is it important to maintain the health of the kidneys?

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