Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster and a tetravalent metalloid. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table, along with carbon, germanium, tin, and lead.

Physical Properties

• Atomic Number: 14
• Atomic Mass: 28.0855
• State at Room Temperature: Solid
• Color: Blue-grey
• Hardness: Brittle

Chemical Properties

Silicon is a tetravalent metalloid, meaning it has four valence electrons. It is not a metal, but it has some characteristics of metals and nonmetals. Silicon does not readily react with most acids but is reactive with concentrated alkalis.

Uses

Silicon is widely used in semiconductors and computer chips. It is also used in the production of glass, ceramics, and concrete. Additionally, silicon is an essential element in the production of solar cells and photovoltaic devices.

Study Guide Questions

1. What is the atomic number of silicon?
2. What is the state of silicon at room temperature?
3. What is the primary use of silicon in the electronics industry?
4. How many valence electrons does silicon have?
5. What group does silicon belong to in the periodic table?

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