Carbohydrates: An Overview

Carbohydrates are one of the three main macronutrients required by the human body, along with proteins and fats. They are essential for providing energy to the body and are found in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products.

Types of Carbohydrates

There are three main types of carbohydrates:

1. Simple Carbohydrates: Also known as sugars, these are quickly broken down by the body and provide a rapid source of energy. Examples include glucose, fructose, and sucrose.
2. Complex Carbohydrates: These are made up of long chains of sugar molecules and take longer to be broken down by the body. They provide a sustained source of energy. Examples include starches and fiber.
3. Dietary Fiber: Although not a source of energy, fiber is an important type of carbohydrate that aids in digestion and helps maintain a healthy digestive system.

Functions of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates serve several important functions in the body, including:

• Providing energy for various bodily functions and physical activities
• Supporting brain function and cognitive performance
• Assisting in the metabolism of fats and proteins
• Regulating blood sugar levels
• Aiding in digestion and promoting gut health

Sources of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates can be found in a wide range of foods, including:

• Fruits such as apples, bananas, and oranges
• Vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and spinach
• Grains and grain products like bread, rice, and pasta
• Dairy products such as milk and yogurt
• Legumes and pulses like beans, lentils, and chickpeas

Study Guide: Carbohydrates

1. What are the three main types of carbohydrates?
2. What is the function of dietary fiber in the body?
3. List three sources of carbohydrates from different food groups.
4. Explain the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates, and provide examples of each.
5. Discuss the role of carbohydrates in providing energy for physical activities.