What is the adrenal cortex?

The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal glands, responsible for producing hormones that are vital for various bodily functions.

Functions of the adrenal cortex:

1. Production of Cortisol: The adrenal cortex produces cortisol, a hormone that helps regulate metabolism, reduce inflammation, and assist the body in responding to stress.
2. Production of Aldosterone: Aldosterone helps regulate the balance of salt and water in the body, playing a key role in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte levels.
3. Production of Androgens: The adrenal cortex also produces small amounts of male sex hormones (androgens) that are important for both male and female development and function.

Regulation of the adrenal cortex:

The activity of the adrenal cortex is regulated by the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland in the brain. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce its hormones in response to stress and other bodily needs.

Disorders of the adrenal cortex:

Imbalances in the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex can lead to various medical conditions, such as Cushing's syndrome (excess cortisol), Addison's disease (insufficient cortisol and aldosterone), and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (deficiency of certain hormones).