Bone Tissue

Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates. It is a dynamic and living tissue that provides structural support, protects internal organs, and enables movement.

Types of Bone Tissue

There are two main types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone.

Compact Bone

Compact bone is dense and hard and forms the outer layer of bones. It provides strength and support.

Spongy Bone

Spongy bone, also known as cancellous or trabecular bone, is found inside the outer layer of compact bone. It has a honeycomb-like structure and is lighter and less dense than compact bone.

Components of Bone Tissue

Bone tissue is composed of cells and extracellular matrix.

Cells

• Osteoblasts: Cells responsible for bone formation.
• Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that maintain the bone tissue.
• Osteoclasts: Cells that break down bone tissue during remodeling and repair processes.

Extracellular Matrix

The extracellular matrix of bone tissue is made up of collagen, a fibrous protein that provides flexibility, and hydroxyapatite, a mineral compound that gives bone its hardness.

Functions of Bone Tissue

1. Support: Bone tissue provides structural support for the body.

2. Protection: It protects vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.

3. Movement: Bones, along with muscles and joints, enable movement and locomotion.

4. Mineral Storage: Bone tissue stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for various bodily functions.

5. Blood Cell Formation: Bone tissue houses the bone marrow, where red and white blood cells are produced.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about bone tissue:

1. What are the two main types of bone tissue and their functions?
2. Identify the three types of bone cells and their roles in bone tissue maintenance and repair.
3. Describe the composition of the extracellular matrix in bone tissue.
4. Explain the functions of bone tissue in the human body.
5. Discuss the role of bone marrow in bone tissue.

Understanding bone tissue is crucial for comprehending the skeletal system and its role in the human body's structure and function.