The cell wall is a rigid, structural layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria. It provides support and protection for the cell, helping it maintain its shape and resist mechanical stress.
The cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose in plant cells, chitin in fungi, and peptidoglycan in bacteria. These materials provide strength and rigidity to the cell wall.
The cell wall differs from the cell membrane, which is a flexible, semi-permeable barrier that surrounds all types of cells. While the cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, the cell wall provides structural support and protection.