Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae. They are responsible for the process of photosynthesis, which is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose. This process is essential for the production of food and oxygen in the ecosystem.

Structure of Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts have a double membrane structure. Inside the chloroplast, there are stacked thylakoid membranes that contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy. The fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast is called the stroma, where the Calvin cycle, a series of biochemical reactions, takes place to produce glucose.

Function of Chloroplasts

The main function of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis, which consists of two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). During the light-dependent reactions, chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is used to split water molecules and produce ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle then utilizes these products to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Study Guide

1. What is the main function of chloroplasts?
2. Describe the structure of chloroplasts.
3. Explain the process of photosynthesis and the role of chloroplasts in it.
4. What is the role of chlorophyll in chloroplasts?
5. How do the light-dependent and light-independent reactions work together in chloroplasts?