Chromosomes

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located within the nucleus of animal and plant cells. They are made up of DNA and protein and are the carriers of genetic information.

Structure of Chromosomes

Each chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids, which are joined together at a centromere. The chromatids are identical copies of each other, formed during the process of DNA replication.

Function of Chromosomes

Chromosomes play a crucial role in cell division and the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. During cell division, the chromosomes ensure that each new cell receives the correct amount of genetic material.

Types of Chromosomes

There are two main types of chromosomes: autosomes and sex chromosomes. Autosomes are responsible for determining the traits and characteristics of an organism, while sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex.

Chromosomal Abnormalities

Abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders and diseases. Examples of chromosomal abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.

Study Guide Questions

1. What are chromosomes made of?
2. Describe the structure of a chromosome.
3. What is the function of chromosomes in cell division?
4. Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
5. Provide examples of chromosomal abnormalities.