Lithosphere

The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into several tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them.

Composition

The lithosphere is primarily composed of solid rock, including granite and basalt. It also contains minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica.

Thickness

The thickness of the lithosphere varies, with oceanic lithosphere being thinner (about 5-10 kilometers) compared to continental lithosphere (about 50-100 kilometers).

Features

The lithosphere features various geological formations, including mountains, plains, and valleys. It also includes the oceanic crust beneath the oceans and the continental crust beneath the continents.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember when studying the lithosphere:

• Definition of lithosphere
• Composition of the lithosphere
• Differences between oceanic and continental lithosphere
• Types of geological formations found in the lithosphere
• Importance of the lithosphere in the Earth's structure