Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. It occurs extensively in the Earth's crust, but it is primarily found in pentlandite, garnierite, and meteoric iron. Nickel is used in many industrial and consumer products, including stainless steel, magnets, coins, and rechargeable batteries.

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Atomic Number: 28
• Symbol: Ni
• Atomic Mass: 58.6934 atomic mass units
• Physical State at Room Temperature: Solid
• Melting Point: 1,455°C (2,651°F)
• Boiling Point: 2,913°C (5,275°F)
• Density: 8.908 grams per cubic centimeter
• Common Isotopes: Nickel-58, Nickel-60, Nickel-61, Nickel-62, Nickel-64

Uses of Nickel

Nickel is a versatile metal with many important uses in various industries:

• Stainless steel production
• Alloys production, such as Monel, Inconel, and Hastelloy
• Electroplating and coating applications
• Magnetic materials and magnets production
• Rechargeable batteries, including nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries
• Coinage and minting

Health and Environmental Impact

Nickel is an essential trace element for some organisms, but it can be toxic in high concentrations. Prolonged exposure to nickel dust or fumes can cause allergic reactions and respiratory issues in humans. Additionally, nickel compounds released into the environment can have harmful effects on plants and animals, leading to soil and water contamination.

Study Guide Questions

1. What is the atomic number of nickel?
2. Describe the physical properties of nickel at room temperature.
3. What are the common uses of nickel in various industries?
4. Discuss the potential health and environmental impact of nickel exposure.
5. Provide examples of nickel-containing alloys and their applications.