What is Runoff?

Runoff is the movement of water from precipitation that flows over the Earth's surface. When rain, snow, or sleet falls onto the ground, it doesn't just stay in one place. Instead, it runs off the land and flows into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. This water movement is known as runoff.

Factors Affecting Runoff

Several factors can affect the amount and speed of runoff, including:

• Slope of the Land: Steeper slopes often lead to faster runoff, as the water flows more quickly downhill.
• Soil Type: Different soil types can affect how much water is absorbed and how quickly runoff occurs.
• Amount of Precipitation: Heavier rainfall or snowmelt can lead to increased runoff.
• Land Cover: Urban areas with pavement and buildings can produce more runoff compared to natural, vegetated areas.

Environmental Impact

Excessive runoff can lead to erosion of the land, carrying away soil and causing sedimentation in bodies of water. Runoff can also pick up pollutants such as fertilizers, pesticides, and oil from roads, leading to water pollution. Managing runoff is important to protect the environment and water quality.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about runoff:

1. Define runoff and explain how it occurs.
2. List the factors that can affect the amount and speed of runoff.
3. Describe the environmental impact of excessive runoff.
4. Explain why managing runoff is important for protecting the environment.

Be sure to understand the concept of runoff and how it relates to water movement and environmental impact. You can also explore real-life examples of runoff in your local area to better understand its effects.