Static friction is the force that resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest relative to each other. It occurs when an object is at rest on a surface and you apply a force to try to move it.
The static frictional force depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact and the force pushing the surfaces together. The rougher the surfaces, the greater the static frictional force. Additionally, the force required to initiate motion is directly proportional to the force holding the surfaces together.