What are Stomata?

Stomata are small openings, typically found on the underside of leaves and less frequently on stems, that are surrounded by specialized cells called guard cells. These openings allow for gas exchange, which is essential for the plant's survival.

Structure of Stomata

Each stoma is made up of two bean-shaped guard cells that surround the pore. These guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore. When the guard cells are turgid, the stomatal pore opens, and when they are flaccid, the pore closes.

Function of Stomata

Stomata serve two primary functions: facilitating gas exchange and regulating water loss. During photosynthesis, stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit. Additionally, water vapor is released through the stomata in a process called transpiration, which helps to cool the plant and maintain its internal water balance.

Factors Affecting Stomatal Opening and Closing

Several factors influence the opening and closing of stomata, including light intensity, humidity, carbon dioxide levels, and the plant's water status. For example, in bright light, stomata open to allow for increased photosynthesis, but they close in low light to conserve water.

Importance of Stomata

Stomata are crucial for the survival of plants as they enable the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis and respiration. They also play a role in the regulation of water within the plant, helping to prevent dehydration while allowing for gas exchange.

[Stomata] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:

• Plant Structure and functionScience • Fourth Grade
• Introduction to PlantsScience • Seventh Grade