Phases of Meiosis

1. Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, and homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material in a process called crossing over.
2. Metaphase I: Paired homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
3. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
4. Telophase I: The cell divides, resulting in two cells, each with half the original number of chromosomes.
5. Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II: Similar to the stages in meiosis I, but with the separation of sister chromatids, resulting in a total of four haploid cells.

Significance of Meiosis

• Genetic diversity: Meiosis results in the shuffling and recombination of genetic material, leading to offspring with unique combinations of traits.
• Sexual reproduction: Meiosis produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes, which combine during fertilization to form a new individual with the full complement of chromosomes.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about meiosis:

1. Define meiosis and its significance in sexual reproduction.
2. Describe the phases of meiosis, including any unique events that occur in each phase.
3. Explain the importance of crossing over and genetic recombination during meiosis.
4. Compare and contrast meiosis with mitosis, highlighting the differences in outcomes and genetic variation.
5. Discuss the role of meiosis in creating genetic diversity and its impact on evolution.