Properties of Phosphorus:

• Atomic number: 15
• Symbol: P
• Atomic mass: 30.97
• State at room temperature: Solid
• Color: Depending on the form, phosphorus can be white, red, or black
• Boiling point: 280.5°C
• Melting point: 44.1°C
• Density: 1.823 g/cm³
• Electron configuration: [Ne] 3s² 3p³

Forms of Phosphorus:

1. White Phosphorus: This is the most reactive and the least stable form of phosphorus. It is highly toxic and can spontaneously ignite in air.
2. Red Phosphorus: It is more stable than white phosphorus and is not as reactive. It is used in the production of matches and in the semiconductor industry.
3. Black Phosphorus: This form is the most stable and least reactive. It has semiconductor properties and is being researched for potential electronic applications.

Uses of Phosphorus:

• Agriculture: Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, and it is a key component of fertilizers.
• Health and Medicine: Phosphorus is important for bone and teeth formation, and it is a component of many vital biological molecules.
• Industry: Phosphorus compounds are used in the production of detergents, flame retardants, and some types of plastics.

Study Guide:

Here are some key points to remember about phosphorus:

• Phosphorus is an essential element for life, found in DNA, RNA, and ATP.
• It is a key component of fertilizers and is vital for agricultural production.
• Phosphorus has several forms, including white, red, and black phosphorus, each with different properties and uses.
• The element has various industrial applications, including in the production of detergents and flame retardants.

Understanding the properties, forms, and uses of phosphorus is important for grasping its significance in biology, agriculture, and industry.

Use this study guide to reinforce your understanding of phosphorus and its importance in various aspects of life and industry.