Acids
An acid is a type of chemical substance that has certain properties. Acids taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH level lower than 7. They are also often used in various chemical reactions.
Properties of Acids:
- Taste: Acids taste sour. However, it's important to note that tasting acids can be dangerous, so it's not safe to taste them.
- pH Level: Acids have a pH level lower than 7. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid.
- Litmus Test: Acids turn blue litmus paper red. This is a simple test to identify the presence of an acid.
- Reactivity: Acids can react with metals, carbonates, and bases to produce salts.
Common Acids:
There are many different types of acids, including:
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Found in the stomach and used in industrial processes.
- Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4): Widely used in the production of fertilizers and other chemicals.
- Nitric Acid (HNO3): Used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and rocket fuel.
- Acetic Acid (CH3COOH): Found in vinegar and used in the production of plastics and textiles.
Study Guide:
To study acids effectively, consider the following key points:
- Understand the properties of acids, including taste, pH level, and reactivity.
- Learn to identify acids using simple tests like the litmus test.
- Memorize common acids and their uses, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid.
- Explore the various applications of acids in industry, agriculture, and everyday life.
- Practice safety precautions when handling acids, as they can be corrosive and harmful to human health.
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Construct an argument from evidence to explain the likelihood of an organism’s ability to survive when compared to the resources in a certain habitat (e.g., freshwater organisms survive well, less well, or not at all in saltwater; desert organisms survive well, less well, or not at all in woodlands).
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