What are eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a true nucleus, which houses the cell's genetic material. They also have membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells:

• True nucleus: Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus that contains the cell's DNA.
• Membrane-bound organelles: These cells have various organelles enclosed within their own membranes, each performing specific functions.
• Cytoskeleton: Eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton made of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that provide structural support and aid in cellular movement.
• Cellular division: Eukaryotic cells divide through a process called mitosis, which ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.
• Size: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

Examples of eukaryotic organisms:

Eukaryotic cells are found in a wide variety of organisms, including:

• Plants: All plants, from tiny mosses to towering trees, are composed of eukaryotic cells.
• Animals: The cells in animals, including humans, are eukaryotic.
• Fungi: Fungi, such as mushrooms and molds, are made up of eukaryotic cells.
• Protists: Single-celled organisms like amoebas and paramecia are classified as eukaryotes.

Function of eukaryotic cells:

Eukaryotic cells carry out a wide array of functions, including:

• Protein synthesis: Ribosomes in the eukaryotic cells synthesize proteins for various cellular functions.
• Energy production: Mitochondria, found in eukaryotic cells, produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
• Storage and processing: The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in the storage and processing of proteins and other molecules.
• Cellular transport: Eukaryotic cells use vesicles to transport materials within the cell and to the cell membrane.