Respiratory System

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. It includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Functions of the Respiratory System

• Gas Exchange: The primary function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.
• Filtering Air: The respiratory system filters out harmful particles and microorganisms from the air we breathe.
• Regulating pH: By controlling the levels of carbon dioxide in the body, the respiratory system helps regulate the pH balance.
• Vocalization: The larynx and vocal cords play a crucial role in producing speech and other vocalizations.

Key Organs of the Respiratory System

1. Nose: Acts as the primary entrance for air and is lined with mucous membranes to filter and humidify the incoming air.
2. Trachea: Also known as the windpipe, it carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs.
3. Lungs: The main organs of the respiratory system where gas exchange takes place.
4. Bronchi: The trachea splits into two bronchi, each leading to one lung.

Study Guide

Here are some key concepts and questions to help you study the respiratory system:

Concepts to Understand

• How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
• What role do the diaphragm and intercostal muscles play in breathing?
• What are the differences between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Study Questions

1. Describe the pathway of air from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs.
2. Explain the process of inhalation and exhalation, including the role of the diaphragm.
3. What are the functions of the mucus and cilia in the respiratory system?