Antibiotics

Antibiotics are powerful medicines that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing the bacteria or preventing them from multiplying. It is important to use antibiotics only when prescribed by a doctor, and to always finish the entire course of medication, even if you start to feel better.

Types of Antibiotics

There are several different types of antibiotics, each with its own mechanism of action. Some common types of antibiotics include:

• Penicillins: These antibiotics work by interfering with the bacteria's cell wall synthesis, ultimately leading to the death of the bacteria.
• Cephalosporins: Similar to penicillins, cephalosporins also disrupt the cell wall formation in bacteria.
• Tetracyclines: Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, preventing their growth and reproduction.
• Macrolides: These antibiotics interfere with the protein synthesis in bacteria, leading to their demise.
• Fluoroquinolones: Fluoroquinolones target the DNA replication process in bacteria, effectively stopping their reproduction.

How Antibiotics Work

When a person becomes infected with bacteria, their immune system may not be able to fight off the infection on its own. In such cases, antibiotics can be used to help the body overcome the infection. Antibiotics target specific processes or structures within the bacteria, disrupting their normal function and ultimately leading to their death.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about antibiotics:

1. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections like the common cold or flu.
2. It is important to take antibiotics exactly as prescribed by a doctor, and to complete the full course of medication, even if you start feeling better.
3. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, where bacteria become resistant to the effects of antibiotics.
4. Some people may be allergic to certain antibiotics, so it is important to inform your doctor of any known allergies before starting a new antibiotic.
5. Antibiotics can have side effects, so it's important to be aware of any potential reactions and to report them to a healthcare professional if they occur.

Remember, antibiotics are valuable tools for fighting bacterial infections, but they should be used responsibly and only as directed by a healthcare professional.