Bases

In chemistry, a base is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) or donate electrons. Bases are the opposite of acids and have a pH level greater than 7. When a base is dissolved in water, it forms hydroxide ions (OH-) which can react with hydrogen ions (H+) to form water.

Properties of Bases

• Bitter taste
• Slippery or soapy feel
• Turns red litmus paper blue
• Can be corrosive

Common Bases

Some common bases include:

1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
2. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
3. Ammonia (NH3)
4. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)

Uses of Bases

Bases have a wide range of uses, including:

• As cleaning agents (e.g. soaps and detergents)
• In the production of paper and textiles
• In the food industry for processes such as baking
• In pharmaceuticals for medicinal purposes

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about bases:

1. What is a base and how does it differ from an acid?
2. What are the properties of bases?
3. Give examples of common bases and their uses.
4. Describe the pH level of bases and their effect on indicators like litmus paper.

Now that you have a basic understanding of bases, you can explore further by conducting experiments or researching specific applications of bases in various fields.