Adrenal Gland

The adrenal gland is an important organ in the endocrine system. It is located on top of the kidneys and is responsible for producing hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and the body's response to stress.

Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland

The adrenal gland is made up of two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens, while the adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Function of the Adrenal Gland

The adrenal gland plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress. When the body experiences stress, the adrenal gland releases hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which help the body respond to the stressful situation by increasing heart rate, elevating blood pressure, and mobilizing energy stores.

Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

Disorders of the adrenal gland can lead to various health problems. For example, Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, leading to fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure. Cushing's syndrome, on the other hand, results from an overproduction of cortisol, causing symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.

Study Guide

1. What are the two main parts of the adrenal gland?
2. Which hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
3. What is the function of the adrenal medulla?
4. How does the adrenal gland help the body respond to stress?
5. What are some disorders that can affect the adrenal gland?