What is Heredity?

Heredity is the process by which genetic information is passed from parent to offspring. It is the reason why children share traits with their parents.

Genes and Traits

Genes are units of heredity that are passed from parents to offspring. They determine specific traits, such as eye color, hair texture, and certain predispositions to diseases.

DNA and Chromosomes

Genes are made up of DNA, which is organized into structures called chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent.

Mendelian Genetics

Gregor Mendel, known as the father of modern genetics, discovered the basic principles of heredity by studying pea plants. He established the concept of dominant and recessive traits, as well as the inheritance of traits through the combination of alleles.

Genetic Variation

While children inherit genes from their parents, genetic variation can occur through processes such as genetic recombination and mutations. This leads to the diversity seen within a species.

Human Heredity

Human heredity is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While genes play a significant role in determining traits, environmental influences can also impact how genes are expressed.

Applications of Heredity

Understanding heredity is crucial in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and evolutionary biology. It helps in predicting and preventing genetic disorders, breeding desirable traits in plants and animals, and tracing the evolutionary history of species.