Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to an average height of about 7-20 kilometers (4-12 miles) in the polar regions and 17-18 kilometers (11-12 miles) in the tropics. This layer contains almost all the weather and atmospheric phenomena we experience on a day-to-day basis.

Composition

The troposphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%), along with trace amounts of other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The concentration of water vapor and other gases can vary depending on factors such as temperature and location.

Temperature and Pressure

Temperature generally decreases with altitude in the troposphere. On average, the temperature decreases by about 6.5°C per kilometer (1.98°F per 1,000 feet) of altitude. This change in temperature creates convection currents that drive weather patterns and atmospheric circulation. The pressure also decreases with altitude, with about half of the atmosphere's mass located in the lower 5.6 kilometers (3.5 miles) of the troposphere.

Role in Weather

As the layer closest to the Earth's surface, the troposphere is where most weather phenomena occur. It is where clouds form, precipitation occurs, and where the bulk of the Earth's weather and climate systems operate. The interactions between the sun, Earth's surface, and the troposphere drive the Earth's weather patterns and climate.

Study Guide

1. What is the troposphere?
2. What are the primary gases found in the troposphere?
3. How does temperature change with altitude in the troposphere?
4. What role does the troposphere play in weather?

For more detailed information, the students can refer to their textbooks and additional educational resources on atmospheric science and meteorology.

[Troposphere] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:

• Earth's AtmosphereScience • Sixth Grade