The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. These glands play a crucial role in the endocrine system, which is responsible for producing and releasing hormones into the bloodstream. The adrenal glands are made up of two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.

Adrenal Cortex

The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland and is responsible for producing steroid hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. These hormones regulate various functions in the body, including metabolism, immune response, and the balance of water and electrolytes.

Adrenal Medulla

The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland and is responsible for producing catecholamines, including adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These hormones are involved in the body's fight-or-flight response, which helps the body react to stress and danger by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to vital organs.

Functions of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands play a crucial role in the body's response to stress, regulating metabolism, maintaining electrolyte balance, and controlling the body's fight-or-flight response. Additionally, the hormones produced by the adrenal glands have widespread effects on various organs and systems throughout the body.