Key Concepts:

• Glucose: Glucose is a simple sugar that is the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It is obtained from the food we eat and is transported through the bloodstream to various tissues and organs.
• Insulin: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. It allows cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream, reducing blood sugar levels.
• Glucagon: Glucagon is another hormone produced by the pancreas that has the opposite effect of insulin. It stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels.
• Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions, including blood sugar levels, is crucial for overall health and function.

Regulation Process:

The regulation of blood sugar levels involves a delicate balance between insulin and glucagon, as well as other factors such as food intake, physical activity, and stress.

After Eating (Increased Blood Sugar):

1. When you eat a meal containing carbohydrates, the body digests the food and releases glucose into the bloodstream, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
2. The pancreas releases insulin in response to the increased blood sugar levels.
3. Insulin helps cells take in glucose, reducing blood sugar levels and allowing the body to use glucose for energy or store it for later use.

Between Meals (Decreased Blood Sugar):

1. As time passes after a meal, blood sugar levels begin to decrease.
2. If blood sugar levels drop too low, the pancreas releases glucagon.
3. Glucagon signals the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels to maintain a stable balance.

Factors Affecting Blood Sugar:

Aside from hormone regulation, several factors can influence blood sugar levels:

• Physical Activity: Exercise can lower blood sugar levels as the body uses glucose for energy.
• Diet: The types and amounts of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins consumed can impact blood sugar levels.
• Stress: Stress hormones can raise blood sugar levels as the body prepares for a "fight or flight" response.
• Illness: Some illnesses can cause blood sugar levels to fluctuate, requiring careful monitoring and management.

Study Guide:

1. Define glucose and explain its role in the body.
2. Describe the function of insulin and how it affects blood sugar levels.
3. Explain the role of glucagon in blood sugar regulation.
4. Discuss the concept of homeostasis and its significance in blood sugar regulation.
5. Identify and explain factors that can affect blood sugar levels.
6. Compare and contrast the regulation of blood sugar levels after eating and between meals.