Phenotype

The term "phenotype" refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, which are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. These characteristics can include traits such as height, hair color, eye color, and other physical features. The phenotype of an organism is the result of the interaction between its genotype (genetic makeup) and the environment in which it develops.

For example, if a plant has the genotype for tall height, but it is grown in a shaded environment, its phenotype may be shorter than if it were grown in full sunlight. This illustrates how both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the phenotype of an organism.

Study Guide

1. Genotype vs. Phenotype: Understand the difference between genotype and phenotype. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to its observable traits.
2. Genetic and Environmental Factors: Learn how both genetic and environmental factors influence an organism's phenotype. Genetic factors are inherited from parents, while environmental factors can include nutrition, exposure to sunlight, and other external influences.
3. Mendelian Genetics: Explore the principles of Mendelian genetics and how they relate to the expression of phenotypes. Understand concepts such as dominant and recessive traits, as well as genetic inheritance patterns.
4. Phenotypic Variation: Consider the concept of phenotypic variation within a population. Explore how individuals within a species can exhibit different phenotypes due to genetic diversity and environmental influences.
5. Genotype-Phenotype Relationship: Examine the relationship between an organism's genotype and its phenotype. Understand how specific genes determine the expression of certain traits in an organism.

By understanding the concept of phenotype and its underlying factors, you can gain insights into the complex interplay between genetics and the environment in shaping the characteristics of living organisms.