Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals. Sodium is essential for human health and is found in many foods. It plays a crucial role in the functioning of nerves and muscles.

Physical Properties of Sodium

Symbol: Na
Atomic number: 11
Atomic mass: 22.989769 u
State at room temperature: Solid
Melting point: 97.79°C (208.02°F)
Boiling point: 882.9°C (1621.2°F)

Chemical Properties of Sodium

Sodium is highly reactive and reacts vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas and heat. It also reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide. In its pure form, sodium is stored under oil to prevent it from reacting with moisture in the air.

Uses of Sodium

Sodium has numerous uses, including:

Manufacturing of chemicals such as sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate
Production of metal alloys
As a coolant in nuclear reactors
As a component in some pharmaceuticals and food products

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about sodium:

Sodium is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.
It is a member of the alkali metals and has the symbol Na and atomic number 11.
Sodium is essential for human health and is found in many foods.
It plays a crucial role in the functioning of nerves and muscles.
Sodium reacts vigorously with water and oxygen, and is stored under oil to prevent reactions with moisture in the air.
It is used in the manufacturing of chemicals, production of metal alloys, as a coolant in nuclear reactors, and in some pharmaceuticals and food products.