Solubility

Solubility refers to the ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous solution. The solubility of a substance is typically expressed in terms of the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

Factors Affecting Solubility

The solubility of a substance can be affected by several factors:

1. Temperature: In general, the solubility of most solid solutes in liquid solvents increases with an increase in temperature. However, the solubility of gases in liquid solvents typically decreases with increasing temperature.
2. Pressure: The solubility of gases in liquid solvents is also affected by pressure. In general, the solubility of gases in a liquid solvent increases with an increase in pressure.
3. Nature of Solute and Solvent: The chemical nature of the solute and solvent can also affect solubility. "Like dissolves like" is a general rule that indicates that polar solutes tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar solutes tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Units of Solubility

The solubility of a substance is commonly expressed in units such as grams per 100 milliliters of solvent (g/100 mL) or grams per liter of solvent (g/L).

How to Calculate Solubility

To calculate the solubility of a substance at a given temperature, you can use the following formula:

Solubility = (mass of solute / volume of solvent) * 100

Study Guide

To better understand solubility, it's important to review and practice the following concepts:

1. Define solubility and its key terms.
2. Identify factors that affect solubility and provide examples for each factor.
3. Understand the units used to express solubility and be able to convert between different units.
4. Practice calculating the solubility of substances using the appropriate formula.
5. Explore real-world examples of solubility and its applications in different industries and everyday life.

Remember to review your notes, complete practice problems, and engage in hands-on experiments to reinforce your understanding of solubility.