States of Matter

Introduction

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas. These states can change due to the addition or removal of heat.

Solid

A solid has a definite shape and volume. The particles in a solid are tightly packed and vibrate in place. They have the least amount of energy.

Liquid

A liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. The particles in a liquid are close together but can move past each other. They have more energy than solids.

Gas

A gas has neither a definite shape nor volume. The particles in a gas are far apart and move freely. They have the most energy among the three states.

Changes of State

When matter changes from one state to another, it undergoes a physical change. For example, when water is heated, it changes from a solid (ice) to a liquid (water) and eventually to a gas (water vapor) as it boils.

Study Guide

1. Define matter and its characteristics.
2. List and describe the three primary states of matter.
3. Explain the behavior of particles in each state of matter.
4. Describe the changes of state and provide examples.
5. Discuss the concept of energy in relation to the states of matter.

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