Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It is located mostly in the Arctic north polar region and is almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America. The Arctic Ocean has a unique ecosystem and plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate.

Key Facts

• Size: Approximately 14 million square kilometers
• Depth: Average depth is 1,038 meters
• Temperature: Cold, with surface temperatures ranging from -2°C to 10°C
• Sea Ice: The Arctic Ocean is covered by sea ice for much of the year, with the ice reaching its maximum extent in late winter and melting in the summer

Geography

The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by the landmasses of Eurasia and North America. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, and to the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait. The northern boundary of the Arctic Ocean is defined by the edge of the continental shelf, beyond which lies the Arctic Basin.

Wildlife

The Arctic Ocean is home to a variety of marine life, including polar bears, walruses, seals, and a diverse range of fish and invertebrates. The region also supports a rich bird population, with species such as the Arctic tern and the snowy owl.

Environmental Concerns

The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to climate change, with rising temperatures leading to the melting of sea ice and changes in the ecosystem. Pollution from human activities and the expansion of commercial shipping routes also pose significant threats to the region's delicate environment.

Study Tips

When studying the Arctic Ocean, it's important to focus on its geography, unique ecosystem, and the environmental challenges it faces. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the wildlife that calls the Arctic Ocean home, and the impact of climate change on the region.