Cells: The Basic Units of Life

Cells are the basic units of life. They are the building blocks of all living organisms, from tiny single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms like plants and animals.

Cell Structure

Cells have a variety of structures, but all cells have some common features. These include:

• Cell membrane: A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
• Cytoplasm: A jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles.
• Nucleus: The control center of the cell, which contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).
• Organelles: Structures within the cell that perform specific functions, such as mitochondria for energy production and the endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.

Types of Cells

There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells: These are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria.
• Eukaryotic cells: These are more complex cells found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. They have a nucleus and various organelles.

Cell Functions

Cells perform a wide range of functions to support life, including:

• Cellular respiration: The process by which cells convert nutrients into energy.
• Photosynthesis: A process in plant cells that converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
• Cell division: The process by which cells reproduce and grow.
• Protein synthesis: The production of proteins essential for various cellular functions.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about cells:

1. What are the basic units of life?
2. What are the common features of cells?
3. What are the two main types of cells?
4. What are some functions of cells?

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