Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, shiny, and highly malleable and ductile metal. Gold has been treasured since ancient times for its beauty and rarity. It is used in jewelry, currency, and as a standard for monetary systems in many countries.

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Atomic Number: 79
• Atomic Mass: 196.9665
• Phase at Room Temperature: Solid
• Color: Bright, slightly reddish yellow
• Density: 19.32 grams per cubic centimeter
• Melting Point: 1,064°C (1,947°F)
• Boiling Point: 2,700°C (4,892°F)
• Chemical Symbol: Au

Uses of Gold

Gold has a wide range of uses, including:

• As jewelry and ornamentation
• In electronics and technology, as it is an excellent conductor of electricity
• In dentistry for making crowns and bridges
• In medicine for treating certain medical conditions
• As a store of value and investment

Formation and Mining

Gold is formed in a variety of geological settings, including hydrothermal veins, placer deposits, and in association with certain igneous rocks. Gold is typically extracted from the earth through mining processes such as panning, sluicing, dredging, and hard rock mining.

Environmental Impact

Gold mining can have significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, habitat destruction, and contamination of water sources with mercury and cyanide. Sustainable and responsible mining practices are important for minimizing these impacts.

Study Guide

1. What is the chemical symbol for gold?
2. Describe the physical properties of gold.
3. What are some common uses of gold?
4. How is gold typically formed and extracted from the earth?
5. What are some environmental impacts of gold mining?