Seasons

Seasons are the four divisions of the year marked by particular weather patterns and daylight hours. The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn (fall), and winter. The changing of seasons is caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun.

Causes of Seasons

The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees in relation to its orbit around the Sun. As the Earth orbits the Sun, different parts of the planet receive varying amounts of sunlight, resulting in the four seasons.

Spring

Spring begins with the vernal equinox, around March 20th in the northern hemisphere. During spring, the Earth begins to tilt towards the Sun, resulting in longer daylight hours and warmer temperatures. Plants start to bloom, and animals come out of hibernation.

Summer

Summer begins with the summer solstice, around June 21st in the northern hemisphere. It is the warmest season, with the longest daylight hours. Many people enjoy outdoor activities during this time, and crops are typically harvested.

Autumn (Fall)

Autumn begins with the autumnal equinox, around September 22nd in the northern hemisphere. During this season, the Earth starts to tilt away from the Sun, resulting in shorter daylight hours and cooler temperatures. Leaves on trees change color and fall, and many animals prepare for winter.

Winter

Winter begins with the winter solstice, around December 21st in the northern hemisphere. It is the coldest season, with the shortest daylight hours. Many regions experience snowfall and freezing temperatures, and some animals hibernate during this time.

Study Guide

• What causes the Earth's seasons?
• Describe the characteristics of each season.
• Explain the significance of solstices and equinoxes in relation to the seasons.
• How do the seasons affect plant and animal life?
• Discuss the differences in seasonal activities and traditions around the world.

Understanding the causes and characteristics of the seasons is important for comprehending the Earth's climate and its impact on ecosystems and human societies.