Stomach

The stomach is a muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. It plays a crucial role in the digestion of food. Let's explore the structure and functions of the stomach.

Anatomy of the Stomach

The stomach is divided into four main parts: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. The inner lining of the stomach contains millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juices.

Functions of the Stomach

The main functions of the stomach include:

• Storage: The stomach stores food temporarily before it is gradually released into the small intestine for further digestion.
• Digestion: The gastric glands in the stomach secrete digestive enzymes and acids that break down food into smaller particles.
• Protection: The stomach lining secretes mucus to protect itself from the acidic environment and prevent damage.

Common Stomach Disorders

Some common disorders that affect the stomach include:

• Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infection, excessive alcohol consumption, or certain medications.
• Peptic Ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, typically caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms like heartburn and acid regurgitation.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about the stomach:

1. The stomach is a muscular organ located in the upper abdomen.
2. It is divided into the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
3. The stomach stores and digests food, as well as protects itself from the acidic environment.
4. Common stomach disorders include gastritis, peptic ulcers, and GERD.

Now that you have learned about the stomach, you can further explore its functions and disorders to deepen your understanding of this important organ.